![]() Augustine, and some others accepted some of the writings as Scripture and used them in establishing theology.Īnother factor is that in Luther’s time, only Greek translations existed of the Apocryphal books. In the third and fourth centuries, other theologians weighed into the conversation. (Also see What Do Lutherans Believe About Mary?)īefore Luther: The earliest records of Christianity, with a few exceptions, show the early church did not view the books of the writings as Scripture. Martin Luther did not accept any of the extra books as Scripture, for similar reasons that other church leaders throughout history have rejected them. “The grass withers, the flower fades, but the word of our God will stand forever.” Isaiah 40:8 (ESV) Why didn’t Martin Luther accept the extra books? (Also see Lutheran vs Non-Denominational: What’s the Difference?) The Greek Orthodox Church, which has many similarities to Roman Catholicism, includes other books from the Apocrypha as well. These different versions employ a range of translation philosophies, but they all include the additional seven books from the Apocrypha. However, services in English utilize several different English translations, such as the New American Bible, the Jerusalem Bible, and the Catholic version of the New Revised Standard Version. In Latin-only services, this is the version that the priests and congregants use in their liturgy. The Catholic Church has decided that the updated version of Jerome’s translation is the only official translation of the Bible. (Also see Do Lutherans Speak in Tongues?) Although he included the books of the additional writings in his translations, he did not consider the books to be canon. Jerome was one of the first to translate directly from the Hebrew Masoretic text instead of from the Septuagint. Jerome’s translation is called the Vulgate. Though the early church rejected these writings, the scholar Jerome translated the Apocrypha and the Old and New Testament into Latin in the 4th century A.D. The Apocrypha or Deuterocanonical books trace their origin to the Septuagint, which is a Greek translation of the Old Testament that a group of scholars wrote around the 3rd century BC in Egypt. When were the Apocryphal books added to the Catholic Bible? The Books of the Apocryphaīaruch (including the Epistle of Jeremiah) The Apocrypha or deuterocanonical books were included in the Septuagint, but they weren’t part of the Hebrew Bible. The prefix “Sept” refers to 70, which, according to tradition, is the number of translators who worked on the project. The translation was produced in the 3rd century before Christ. Key term | Septuagint: The Septuagint is the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, i.e. Refers to: certain books written during the intertestamental period that are included in the Septuagint and the Catholic Bible the term “Apocrypha” is also used to describe certain books written in the 2nd century after Christ, which aren’t included in the New Testament the Greek Old Testament) and the Catholic Bible ![]() Refers to: certain books written between the Old and New Testament that are included in the Septuagint (i.e. ![]() Meaning: from Latin, meaning “second canon” The term canon refers to a measuring rod and to be in the canon implies that a book passed the test or was successfully measured and considered worthy of inclusion. Key term | canon: The word “canon” describes the officially accepted list of books that belong in the Bible. ![]() Protestants often use the term Apocrypha over deuterocanonical, because they don’t believe the writings are canonical. In some contexts, “Apocrypha” is synonymous with terms like false and fictitious. (Also see What Bible Translation Do Lutherans Use?) “Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away.” Matthew 24:35 (ESV) What is the Apocrypha or the Deuterocanonical literature?Ĭatholic scholars prefer the term “deuterocanonical,” which means “second canon,” to the term “Apocrypha.” The term Apocrypha, from the Greek word for “hidden,” has negative connotations that Catholic scholars dislike.
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